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Effects of Black Locust Removal on Soil Nutrient Concentrations in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve

… Locust Removal on Soil Nutrient Concentrations in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve …
“ … recovery of native plant species. Literature Cited Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission. 2024. These are the alerts you need to know. Albany , NY . Asghar, M., Lack, D.W., Cowie, B.A., and J.C. … from before to after restoration across six different Albany Pine Bush black locust forest sites. Values above zero … ”

Abstract

Efforts to restore native biodiversity often include the removal of invasive species. However, the process of removing unwanted species can have unintended effects. We studied how the removal of one exotic species, Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust trees), during efforts to restore native pine barren ecosystems at the Albany Pine Bush Preserve may affect soil conditions. We hypothesized that tree removal would mix soil layers and disrupt the normal gradient of soil resources with depth. Specifically, nutrients would redistribute from surface depths to deeper ones. To investigate this, we collected soil core samples from the same locations before and after black locust removal. Each soil core was sampled sequentially to a depth of 50cm, then analyzed for carbon and nitrogen content. We found that the soil samples before restoration had higher concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in the surface layer of soil compared to the deeper layers, whereas after restoration there was an even distribution of nutrients throughout the soil profile. With further analysis, we also discovered that the shallower depths were losing nutrients while the deeper depths were gaining nutrients by using delta values for both carbon and nitrogen content before and after restoration. These results indicate that tree removal has the unintended consequence of altering soil chemistry, which could slow recovery of native species following tree removal. To address this issue, restoration methods that minimize soil disturbances should be considered for future efforts.

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Kelly Adirondack Center Spring Newsletter (2024): Volume 21

“ … Gallery (MD). Selected group exhibitions include the Albany International Airport Gallery, NY ; Kenise Barnes Fine … ”

Abstract

Highlights of exhibition, The Two Painters: Laini Nemett & Walter Hatke at the Kelly Adirondack Center

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PublicationIssue

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Variation in the Structure of Scrub Oaks and its Effect on Thermal Microclimates in the Albany Pine Bush

… Scrub Oaks and its Effect on Thermal Microclimates in the Albany Pine Bush …
“ … Special thanks to Neil Giﬀord and Steve Campbell at the Albany Pine … ”

Abstract

Thermal microclimates are vital within ecosystems because they contribute to forming appropriate niche space for many species. Variation in microclimates may impact animal thermoregulation and be especially important in the face of climate change. The goal of this study is to determine how the size and structure of Quercus ilicifolia (Scrub Oak) individuals influences temperature gradients in their vicinity. We hypothesized that differences in leaf density and leaf area index (LAI) would cause variation in the thermal regimes within and around shrubs (temperature gradients), and that shrubs with higher LAI would form steeper temperature gradients. Five Q. ilicifolia shrubs that differed in size (1-3 m tall) were selected within the Albany Pine Bush Preserve (Albany, NY). At each shrub, five temperature logging devices (iButtons) were placed 8 cm above the ground surface in a transect from the shrub center to the surrounding vegetation. At each point, hemispherical canopy photos were obtained to estimate canopy cover, and leaf area was measured by collecting leaves from each shrub; leaf area index (LAI) was calculated by dividing leaf area by ground area. Additionally, terrestrial laser scanning was performed by scanning shrubs to obtain a 3D reconstruction and to calculate shrub ground area and volume. Characteristics of shrub structure (height, canopy cover, LAI, canopy volume) were compared to each other and to measurements of thermal regime (average, maximum and minimum daily temperatures). Leaf area and shrub volume were positively correlated (r2 =0.96) and LAI ranged between 1.0-1.9 (m2/m2), but was not associated with canopy cover. Daily maximum temperatures formed a gradient from shrub edges to the openings, whose magnitude was independent of shrub size or leaf area. Likewise, temperature environments within shrubs were fairly constant, but there was a linear gradient from the shrub edge to the surrounding vegetation. On average, shrubs caused a 5.2°C temperature depression in the daily maximum temperatures. These results suggest that temperature gradients form independently of shrub size and structure, but are nonetheless present underneath and directly adjacent to shrubs. Overall, we have shown that TLS is a useful way to support field measurements of shrub structure.

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DigitalDocument

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Further Exploration of Stable Isotope Analysis to Identify Prior Host in Ixodes scapularis

“ … Albany Pine Bush Preserve. Animals were randomly assigned a … Club for permission to use the Reist Sanctuary and the Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission to … ”

Abstract

One of the most enigmatic concepts in tick-borne disease ecology is how to identify the prior host of a questing tick. The ability to do so would provide predictions to directly aid in controlling the spread of the many tick-borne pathogens, including the bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease in humans. We explored the application of a novel technique, stable isotope analysis (SIA), to identify the most recent host in molted Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick). The common reservoir and feeding host, Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice; n=46), were trapped, infested with nymphal ticks, and fed restricted diets, simulating feeding guilds, to confirm previous findings regarding the temporal enrichment of Î´13C and Î´15N in molted adults. Over a feeding period of up to seven days, Î´13C was found to be significantly higher in molted ticks that fed on animals on a corn diet than wild (p=0.014), standard (p=0.013), and meat diets (p=0.002), but was not significantly different in Î´15N (Tukey HSD). To directly test the feasibility of SIA to identify prior hosts, we used isotopic data from multiple years of research to generate a k-means cluster analysis model using isotopic signatures from ticks fed on standard-fed and wild-fed hosts, organized by both feeding guild and species. We then tested the model using field-collected ticks. Seventy-two percent of field-collected ticks fell into the model's five 95% confidence ellipses. We propose the potential application of SIA to the identification of a prior host in questing ticks as an alternative or enhancement to DNA-based methods in the trophic ecology of tick-borne diseases.

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DigitalDocument

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Avian Community Organization Changes Along a Gradient of Scrub-Oak Structure in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve

… Changes Along a Gradient of Scrub-Oak Structure in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve …
“ … counties, New York, including a field guide and trail map. Albany , N.Y : New York State Museum, University of the State … to determine woody-shrub characteristics. Introduction The Albany Pine Bush (APB) is … Avian Community Organization … Changes Along a Gradient of Scrub-Oak Structure in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve Research … ”

Abstract

The shrublands within the Albany Pine Bush Preserve are subject to restoration strategies that result in habitats that differ in shrub density and height. We investigated how these differences affect shrubland bird communities and whether terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is useful for characterizing shrub structure. Avian point count surveys for shrubland birds were conducted at five sites in the Albany Pine Bush, each site was surveyed seven times from May 31st to July 11th. Sites varied in height and density of the dominant scrub oaks (Quercus prinoides and Q.ilicifolia ). Shrub structure was evaluated using field transects and TLS. The most prevalent bird species were Setophaga discolor (Prairie Warbler), Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow), and Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Eastern Towhee), which were recorded at almost every visitation to three sites in the middle of the shrub height gradient. In the site with the tallest shrubs, only the Eastern Towhee was recorded. Bird visitation data showed that shrubland indicator bird species prefer sites with roughly 50% scrub-oak coverage and a mean scrub-oak height of 1.5m. We propose that the high counts for these three species is linked to their adaptability to high-disturbance sites and their characteristic shrub-nesting and gleaning behaviors. Overall, TLS was useful in determining average and maximum vegetation heights per site, but more thorough field work would be required to learn shrub species composition or information about growth or productivity.

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DigitalDocument

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Stephanie Aiken Copeland Interview

“ … [University of Vermont], Union and Albany College of Pharmacy. My parents were not graduates of Union, but they had dear friends who … away and Albany College of Pharmacy didn't have dorms. Really. That … ”

Abstract

Class of 1977.

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Conversation

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No Copyright - United States

Environmental Justice: The Disproportionate Burden Experienced by Minority and Low Socioeconomic Status Groups

“ … husband, and another woman traveled to Albany , NY to deliver the signed petition with the hopes of … … Help You—An Introduction to Toxic Substances” Albany , NY : New York State Department of Health. Retrieved … January 15, 2019 … Governor & Legislature: April 1981” Albany , NY : New York State Department of Health. Retrieved … ”

Abstract

The purpose of my research is to examine the disproportionate burden of risk that minority groups and/or low-income groups face with regard to environmental pollution and environmental justice. Environmental justice is a burgeoning issue across the United States, and although local, state and the federal government have addressed the issue on numerous occasions, it has not been resolved and continues to leave particular groups of people at a disadvantage. Environmental activists and grassroots organizations have tried to bring the issue of environmental justice to the forefront, and have mobilized efforts to reduce inequities. The work presented here examines two case studies in which problems associated with environmental justice are key. The relevant laws and policies are discussed as well as the role that governments at different levels played in tackling the problems that racial and ethnic minorities face. Policy recommendations are discussed.

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Schenectady's Voices: Stories from Four BIPOC Locals Changing Their Community

“ … for Quality Education and Citizen Action of New York in Albany , NY , she became an active board member for the … ”

Abstract

In this paper, I will reflect on my visual art thesis painting project, going more in depth about the process, my inspiration, and my subjects. For my project, I wanted to highlight individuals from the Schenectady area that have experienced adversities but have chosen to give back to the community despite them. As a result, I created 4 large scale portraits of people of color who live and work in Schenectady, New York. I met with and interviewed Sherain Rivera, Sookyung Lee, Will Rivas, and Jamaica Miles. The four of them serve and are very involved in their community in multiple ways. Talking with them gave me the opportunity to learn more about them and their stories of determination. The purpose of this project was to give them, and more broadly, the marginalized communities in the Capital Region more representation in a space where they have felt ignored and discriminated against. Throughout this paper, I explain my process of learning to paint with oil for the first time, the struggles I faced with making large scale portraits, and my inspiration for the project. I also discuss three professional artists that influenced my work along the way: Jordan Casteel, Amy Sherald, and Alice Neel. Lastly, I give a brief description of each of the personalities and stories of my models, and connect them to the larger purpose of my work, which is to invoke empathy within my viewers.

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How does the Abundance of Invasive honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) Increase Tick Density?

“ … in tick survival between the Reist Sanctuary and the Albany Pine Bush (mean = 7.17(±3.35) and 6.44 (±3.35), p = … the percentage of ticks surviving per core in the Albany Pine Bush compared to their survival in Reist … for three weeks in December 2021- January 2022 in Albany Pine Bush and Reist Sanctuary. A total of 12 cameras … ”

Abstract

In recent years, the CDC has recorded a steady increase in the instance of tick-borne diseases, most notably Lyme disease, caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. However, tick density and infection status are highly variable at both large and small spatial scales. Many potential explanations have been proposed to explain this, one of which is the alteration of vector-host dynamics caused by the introduction and propagation of invasive flora and fauna. Prior research has established a positive correlation between the abundance of several invasive shrub species in the genus Lonicera and the abundance of ticks. In this research, I tested several hypotheses to explain this. Two hypotheses, (i) that engorged ticks might benefit from fungicidal compounds released into the soil by Lonicera spp. (Honeysuckle) and (ii) that Lonicera shrub structure creates a favorable microhabitat for engorged tick survival, were tested in a soil core experiment. I compared tick survival in soil cores under four treatments: in Lonicera shrubs, in native Viburnum acerifolium (Mapleleaf Viburnum) shrubs, in climate-controlled rooms with Lonicera soil and extract, and in climate-controlled room with native soil and extract. The bioactive compound hypothesis was further examined in an experiment in which I compared fungal growth in Lonicera extract, V. acerifolium extract, and deionized water under laboratory conditions. A third hypothesis, that tick hosts prefer Lonicera shrubs for shelter, was tested in a camera trapping experiment. Although parts of the soil core experiment had to be abandoned due to the pandemic related lockdown of Union College, important insights can still be drawn. The two field treatments of the soil core experiment showed no differences in tick survival. Similarly, the fungal growth experiment did not reveal fungicidal properties in Lonicera compared to a native shrub control (V. acerifolium). Common tick hosts such as White-tailed Deer and White-footed Mice showed a slight preference for Lonicera shrubs compared to native shrubs. Altogether, this research emphasizes the unpredictability of biological invasions and the need for more integrative research into the role of invasive flora in vector-host dynamics and disease ecology.

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Avian Community Organization Changes Along a Gradient of Scrub-Oak Structure in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve

… Changes Along a Gradient of Scrub-Oak Structure in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve …
“ … Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Albany Pine Bush Preserve Update. Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission, Albany , NY . Akresh, M., King, D., & Brooks, R. (2015). … ”

Abstract

The shrublands within the Albany Pine Bush Preserve are subject to restoration strategies that result in habitats that differ in shrub density and height. We investigated how these differences affect shrubland bird communities and whether terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is useful for characterizing shrub structure. Avian point count surveys for shrubland birds were conducted at five sites in the Albany Pine Bush, each site was surveyed seven times from May 31st to July 11th. Sites varied in height and density of the dominant scrub oaks (Quercus prinoides and Q.ilicifolia ). Shrub structure was evaluated using field transects and TLS. The most prevalent bird species were Setophaga discolor (Prairie Warbler), Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow), and Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Eastern Towhee), which were recorded at almost every visitation to three sites in the middle of the shrub height gradient. In the site with the tallest shrubs,, only the Eastern Towhee was recorded. Bird visitation data showed that shrubland indicator bird species prefer sites with roughly 50% scrub-oak coverage and a mean scrub-oak height of 1.5m. We propose that the high counts for these three species is linked to their adaptability to high-disturbance sites and their characteristic shrub-nesting and gleaning behaviors. Overall, TLS was useful in determining average and maximum vegetation heights per site, but more thorough field work would be required to learn shrub species composition or information about growth or productivity.

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Carbon dioxide saturation of streams and rivers in Upstate New York

“ … CO2 concentration was in Shaker Creek bordering the Albany , NY International Airport and is urban (Figure 13). … ”

Abstract

Inland freshwater constitutes a small percentage of the total water on Earth, yet it acts as a large carbon source to the atmosphere. Through respiration and land use changes, streams have become more saturated with carbon dioxide as humans continue to alter the biogeochemistry of freshwater systems. In this study, we investigated whether urban or rural environments differ in the CO2 concentration of streams in Upstate New York. Water samples and CO2 measurements were collected from 53 unique stream sites and 12 sites were duplicated to understand variation throughout the summer. The Hans Groot’s Kill was sampled 50 times over nine months and for one 24-hour cycle every two hours. Water temperature, salinity, DO%, pH, barometric pressure, alkalinity, and ion concentrations were measured for each site. The data were analyzed on R-Studio with Hans Groot’s Kill data analyzed separately. We found that rural streams have significantly lower CO2 concentrations (average = 1808 +- 1308, n = 35) compared to urban streams (average = 2828 +- 1102, n = 25). This is most likely because urban environments have high impervious surface coverage which increases the alkalinity. Also, there might be increased terrestrial and aquatic respiration in urban areas because of fertilizer usage and higher air temperatures. Lastly, throughout the year, the found that CO2 concentrations are highest in the Spring and Summer due to increased respiration and plant life. Overall, we found that urban streams, due to their surroundings and anthropogenic activity, exhibit higher CO2 concentrations than rural streams.

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FSH Responsiveness by a Murine Preosteoclastic Cell line

“ … Responsiveness by … obtained from Dr. Michelle Lennartz, Albany Medical College, Albany , NY . They were grown in DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% … ”

Abstract

Osteoporosis can be a devastating illness which causes large losses of both monetarily and in terms of quality of life. Interestingly, two of the major risk factors for developing osteoporosis are age and gender as osteoporosis commonly affects postmenopausal women. For decades, osteoporosis was thought be driven by estrogen loss following menopause, however recent research has shown that FSH, the upstream endocrine regulator of estrogen, drives the development of this disease. Using RAW 264.7 cells, we tested the changes that FSH induces in preosteoclastic cells. We noted significant changes in kinase activation and ROS production in an FSH-dependant manner. Similarly, FSH induced gross morphological changes in this cell line.

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The Debate Over Physician Aid In Dying

“ … transparency in the path of administrative reform.. Albany , NY : State University of New York … ”

Abstract

Many people believe that life contains an overwhelming sense of sanctity, and must be maintained at all costs according to religious beliefs or other deep moral axioms. However, when a terminally ill patient’s suffering becomes intolerable, they should be constitutionally protected to have a physician aid in the ending of their life. While euthanasia is prohibited in every US state under general homicide legislation, physician aid in dying (PAD) has become a sweeping movement across our nation. In the late 90’s, Oregon pioneered the movement by passing the Death With Dignity Act, which allows terminally ill patients to receive a lethal prescription of secobarbital or pentobarbital to be ingested at the time of their choosing. Following Oregon’s lead, Washington (2004) and Vermont (2013) adopted similar pieces of legislation allowing terminally ill state residents to seek the same prescriptions. Furthermore, Montana (2008) and New Mexico (2014) have established court rulings protecting patients and physicians who use PAD. Evaluating the data reported by these states has allowed me to draw several conclusions; PAD is safe, not abused by physicians nor patients, not a slippery slope to euthanasia, and allows certain terminally ill patients to maintain their dignity when making personal end-of-life decisions.

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Nora and Cece: A Contemporary Adaptation of Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility

“ … Austen and Co.: Remaking the Past in Contemporary Culture. Albany , NY : State University of New York Press, 2003. … ”

Abstract

Inspired by Amy Heckerling’s 1995 film, Clueless, which translates Jane Austen’s Emma into a contemporary teen comedy, my modern adaptation of Sense and Sensibility, entitled Nora and Cece, seeks to address the issues Austen tackles in her novel regarding courtship and romance in a modern American setting. In my screenplay, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood become Nora and Cece Carpenter, teenage girls living in a small Bostonian suburb. The sisters navigate the world of high school dating, complicated by their gossipy circle of friends and the ever-growing presence of social media in their daily lives. Drawing on both personal experience and popular culture, I examine current standards and practices in romantic etiquette, exploring these ideas through my characters and their interactions with one another.

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An environmental economic assessment of green building and the leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) rating…

“ … (USGBC, LEED Public Policies, 2009) City LEED Initiatives Albany , NY 2006: all city-sponsored construction projects of … ”

Abstract

Buildings consume 72% of U.S. electricity produced and contribute 30% of the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions. With current energy scarcity, there is a need for higher performance energy-efficient buildings to reduce the U.S. footprint. The LEED rating system establishes a framework of guidelines to encourage sustainable construction and renovation, emphasizing energy optimization. What does LEED accomplish and what is its role in U.S. policy? Before pursuing LEED, one must consider the element of cost, and distinguish between cost savings and energy savings. Cost-benefit analysis provides a framework to make educated decisions with respect to green building. The primary objectives of the rating system are energy-efficiency and social welfare, along with cost-efficiency. Surveys and studies from NY, IL, CA and nationwide show that a premium between 0-3% on average exists to meet LEED Certified or Gold requirements, and energy savings average between 25-30%. Thirty four states, 14 government agencies and 202 localities now include LEED in existing legislation, mostly mandating public buildings to meet Certified or Silver standards. While LEED has increased green building awareness, the system must remain dynamic and willing to adapt criteria to meet federal, state and local needs of the greater population. As long as people do not do was is right, paternalism is needed to protect social welfare. With improved education and economic incentives, LEED guidelines can help people understand the benefits of green building.

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The right to health care: the role of free clinics : case study on the Schenectady Free Health Clinic and the campaign to keep…

“ … its community. Many people stretching from Schenectady to Albany and beyond … care reform and the fate of the clinic with Dr. Paul Sorum from Albany Medical School, Professor Marty Strosberg for Union … ”

Abstract

This thesis explores the right to health care and the role of free clinics through a case study on the Schenectady Free Health Clinic located in Schenectady, NY. With the current health care reform and the economic crisis, the Schenectady Free Health Clinic was facing closure. This thesis aimed to study how the services provided by the clinic impacted the local community in order to better understand what would happen if the clinic was forced to close. Over the past year, the clinic has been struggling due to lack of funding from the state government. This lack of funding stems mainly from the idea that the state and the country do not posses the same ideals as the volunteers of the clinic: that is, health care as a human right. This thesis aimed to understand the bridge created between health care as a human right and free clinic’s. This thesis focused on the Schenectady Free Health Clinic because of its status as a well established community health care organization as well as because of the current financial situation it faces. In order to better understand the clinic, several different methods of research were implemented. Research included reading articles and books, conducting a patient survey, talking to community residents, participant observation at the clinic, and conducting interviews with doctors and patients. Additionally, an ongoing campaign was held in order to raise awareness and restore funding to the clinic. Overall, it was understood that the clinic is an invaluable community resource.

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Relation of microdomain residency to the function of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor

“ … Dias at the David Axelrod Institute for Public Health in Albany , NY , USA provided all procedures. Cell Culture Dr. … Dr James Dias, David Axelrod Institute for Public Health, Albany , NY , USA). Then, each blot was washed 3 times for 5 … ”

Abstract

Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) is a glycoprotein hormone that acts through a cell surface G protein-coupled receptor. Receptor activation stimulates cAMP production to promote normal gamete formation in both males and females. In men, FSH is responsible for stimulating spermatogenesis by stimulating the proliferation of Sertoli cells. In women, FSH functions with luteinizing hormone (LH) to regulate the menstrual cycle and to promote oocyte maturation in the ovary. Understanding and developing techniques to control the signal transduction pathway of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (hFSHR) may lead to novel in vitro fertilization and contraceptive techniques. We hypothesize that the hFSHR signaling complex is compartmentalized within plasma membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of lipid rafts in the function of hFSHR. A cholesterol-withdrawing agent called methyl-b-cyclodextrin was used to disrupt lipid rafts. Then, western blotting techniques were then used to analyze the activation of hFSHR downstream pathways, p38-MAP kinase and p44/42-MAP kinase. Cholesterol depletion resulted in the maintenance of p44/42 activity but interfered with activation of the p38 pathway. This suggests that these pathways have different mechanisms of activation and may represent a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention.

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The investigation of the function of plasma membrane domains in follicle stimulating hormone signal transduction

“ … Dais at the David Axelrod Institute for Public Health in Albany , NY , USA. The antibodies were provided by Dr. … NY , USA. … Axelrod Institute for Public Health in Albany , NY , USA. The cell line provided was a human … ”

Abstract

The human reproductive hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) acts in females on granulosa cells in the ovaries to stimulate egg maturation. In males FSH promotes spermatogenesis by stimulating Sertoli cells of the testes. The human FSH receptor (hFSHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is known to stimulate the production of cAMP as well as the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway. The multiple signaling responses of this hormone receptor complex may be due to its location in special membrane domains known as lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are rigid domains of the plasma membrane that are enriched in cholesterol, glycolipids and sphingomyelin. Previous studies have shown that disruption of these domains by removing cholesterol inhibits the hFSHR cAMP response but interestingly not the p44/42 MAP Kinase pathway activation. My research investigated if degradation of lipid rafts by an enzyme called sphyingomyelinase (SMase) caused any changes in the signaling ability of hFSHR. SMase breaks down sphingomyelin destabilizing the lipid raft. Epithelial cells expressing hFSHR were pretreated with SMase followed by hFSH treatment and signal transduction was measured. Surprisingly, SMase did not inhibit cAMP production the same way removal of cholesterol did. Further experiments will be required to elucidate this difference.

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Development of sun-tracking system for solar modules

“ ”

Abstract

The purpose of this project was to research and develop a sun-tracking system for solar modules. Research and modeling were performed in the fall term to determine the potential increase in sun exposure obtained with a tracking system rather than a stationary array. Using hourly insolation data from the National Solar Radiation Data Base, I determined that a sun-tracking system in Schenectady is capable of increasing the sun exposure to upwards of 50%. This led to the design of a prototype tracking system, with the emphasis on simplicity in manufacturing and low cost. The tracking system designed is unique in that it simplifies dual axis tracking into a single active tracking axis. This reduces the number of drives which in turn lowers the amount of power required to track, thus allowing for more of the absorbed energy to be used as power. I proposed this project because I am interested in renewable energies, specifically solar, and wanted to apply my engineering and design skills with my passion for the environment to a technical problem in the field. It is well known that solar technology’s limiting factor is its low efficiency, and it is therefore struggling to compete with other technologies. Since I could not hope to improve photovoltaic cell efficiency in an academic year and with available funding, I sought out other ways of improving solar power output and found sun-tracking systems interesting. I gratefully acknowledge the support from the Union

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Characterization of a putative caveolin binding motif in the human follicle stimulating hormone receptor

“ … a kind gift provided by Dr. James Dias (Wadsworth Center, Albany , NY ). Mutant FSHR constructs F479L, F481L, F486L, … were transformed … of Dr. James Dias (Wadsworth Center, Albany , NY ). Goat anti-mouse with an Alexa-Red fluorophore … State Department of Health and David Axelrod Institute in Albany , NY for providing invaluable resources and … ”

Abstract

Compartmentalization of signal transducing proteins into membrane microdomains is one explanation as to why cells are capable of producing rapid and efficient signaling responses. These microdomains, or lipid rafts, provide scaffolding for various essential cell signaling molecules to come into close proximity with other effectors. Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a G-protein coupled receptor shown to localize in lipid rafts, potentially in a subtype of lipid rafts known as caveolae. Previous work in this lab has shown that human FSHR co-immunoprecipitates with caveolin, a scaffolding protein that serves as the molecular marker for caveolae. Presence of a putative caveolin binding motif in the fourth transmembrane domain of hFSHR suggests that the receptor interacts with caveolin at this site; this interaction could prove necessary for hormone binding, signal transduction, or membrane trafficking. To test the role of caveolin interaction with the hFSHR, we created two mutant receptors with point mutations in one of the essential aromatic residues in the caveolin binding domain to a leucine residue. Both mutants were successfully transfected and synthesized in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). Preliminary data suggests that wild-type receptor and mutant receptor with point mutation F481L interacts with caveolin while mutant receptor F489L does not. We have also found that receptor F481L is still capable of binding to hormone with a slightly higher affinity to ligand then wild-type receptor. Mutant receptor F489L is unable to bind to hormone and we have shown that this mutant is not being expressed at the cell surface, suggesting that caveolin may be essential for hFSR’s ability to bind ligand or for trafficking to the cell membrane.

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Blue lupine growing conditions affect leaf nutritional quality for an endangered butterfly

“ … 14 and several other rare species. The Albany Pine Bush, for example, hosts more than 50 rare and … (Barnes 2003). Managed pine barrens sites include the Albany Pine Bush of the New York Albany region, the Concord Pine Barrens of New Hampshire, the … ”

Abstract

In this era of accelerated habitat loss and fragmentation, species with specific requirements for growth tend to suffer the most. One such species is the endangered Karner Blue Butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis), which relies solely on the leaves of the Blue Lupine (Lupinus perennis) for larval fodder. Several experiments have suggested that Blue Lupine growing conditions may affect their suitability for Karner Blues, but results have remained inconclusive. Growth conditions may affect plant suitability through leaf properties—specifically, leaf nutritional quality. We have analyzed leaf tissue properties from Blue Lupine grown under different conditions in the field to (1) determine which treatments (if any) are most effective at increasing host plant suitability, and (2) better define the mechanism by which treatments aid Karner Blue growth and reproduction. Mature Blue Lupine plants were subjected to burning, deadheading, and mowing treatments at different points over a growing season. Leaves from these plants were then fed to captive Karner Blue Butterfly larvae and analyzed for leaf mass area (LMA), nitrogen, carbon, and glucose. We found that only nitrogen and nitrogen:glucose ratios varied differently over time with respect to treatment. Leaves from Blue Lupine that were burned on May 1st and harvested May 23rd through June 5th showed significantly higher nitrogen contents than all other leaves harvested at those times. This extra nitrogen may be responsible for observed increases in oviposition rates and the presence of a third brood in Karner Blues fed leaves from Blue Lupine that had been subjected to burning treatments. Thus, burning, especially early in the growing season, may be an important aspect of Karner Blue management.

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Doctors and the health care crisis : why don't we ask the experts?

“ … Health Workforce Studies, School of Public Health, SUNY Albany . Bodenheimer, Thomas and Kevin Grumbach. (2005). … … Books Open Clinical. (2005). Electronic Medical … Albany , to track demographic traits of the physician … ”

Abstract

One of the most serious threats facing the United States today is the rising cost of health care. Indeed, each year the United States spends upwards of $2 trillion on its health care system. However, prices have risen to such a high degree that over 40 million Americans currently lack health insurance. What is more troubling is that if health care prices continue to rise at such a high rate, the economic solvency of the United States could be in jeopardy. Considering these factors, health care reform is a necessity. Of course health care reform is not a new concept. Over the past 100 years, there have been numerous attempts to reform the health care system. However, due to the efforts of physicians through the American Medical Association (AMA), nearly every major health care reform has been defeated. Considering this history, if our nation is ever to achieve the health care reform we need, we must work with the AMA as a partner and not as an adversary. This partnership begins with an effort to understand the perceptions that physicians have towards the health care system. In order to understand these perceptions, I have conducted a survey of physicians throughout New York State. This survey has revealed how doctors view issues pertaining to managed care, government intervention, and free market reforms. Such statistical data will be useful in designing future health care reform proposals so that the AMA will no longer act as an adversary to health care reform.

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Does the removal of invasive nitrogen-fixing black locust in a pine-oak community ensure a successful return to pre-invasion…

“ … al.(2004) evaluated how the black locust invasion in the Albany pine bush influences annual nitrogen return rates … within the Albany Pine Bush Preserve ( Albany and Schenectady Counties, NY , USA). This region is … ”

Abstract

The black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a highly invasive, nitrogen-fixing plant. Black locust trees increase soil nitrogen concentrations, supplement soil nutrient pools, and enhances the rates of nitrogen transformations, all of which favor the growth of other non-native plant species and contributes to lower plant species diversity. In the Albany Pine Bush Preserve, black locust has invaded the globally rare pitch pine—scrub oak barrens community. Restoration has been initiated to remove black locust stands throughout the preserve in hopes of protecting the rare plant and animal species that reside there. The purpose of this study is to determine if the restoration of black locust stands ensures a successful return to preinvasion soil characteristics. Initially soils were collected from three different plots: pine-oak, black locust, and restored. Soils were then assessed for nutrient content, nitrogen availability, and soil fertility. To gauge soil fertility, plant growth experiments were conducted in the Union College greenhouse using three native perennial grasses. Plant growth results showed that there was a significant difference between pine-oak soils and both black locust and restored soils. Plants grown in the pine-oak soil treatments had the greatest amount of biomass with restored and black locust trailing behind. There was no significant difference between black locust and restored soils. Nutrient content and nitrogen availability results showed that black locust soils have the greatest nutrient content and nitrogen availability, restored soils have intermediate values, while pine-oak soils have the lowest values. Restoration efforts in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve appear to have been successful as restored plots display soil characteristics prior to the invasion of the black locust.

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Hydrogen internal combustion engines : optimizing fuel tracers

“ … . Albany , NY . November 2008. … 2” PVC Pipe 2 $25.00 $50.00 Hydrogen Fuel Tank AWESCO ( Albany , NY ) 4.5T Hydrogen Tank, zero grade … .” Hydrogen … New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Albany , NY . November 2008 … ”

Abstract

Currently, optimization is where the research and development of hydrogen internal combustion engines has reached a barrier. In order to optimize hydrogen internal combustion engines it is necessary to be able to monitor the actual combustion behavior of the fuel inside the engine cylinder. One means of interrogating a combusting hydrogen flow is to add a “tracer” to the hydrogen fuel, which can be visualized by means of well-established laser diagnostic techniques. The on-going purpose of this project is to precisely determine the maximum allowable amount of tracer that can be added to hydrogen fuel so that the combustion properties of hydrogen fuel with the added tracer are essentially indistinguishable from those of hydrogen fuel without additives. The establishment of an optimal percentage of tracer to fuel will allow for the employment of planar laser induced fluorescence visualization in hydrogen internal combustion engine research and experimentation. Strides towards accomplishing the overarching goal of determining optimal percentage of fuel tracer have been made in the installation of an integrated plenum and air flow meter system to be utilized in determining the air consumption behavior of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. Additional progress has been made in resolving problematic aspects of the experimental setup, including the spark ignition system and intake manifold pressure measurement system.

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Timing of slumping determined from growth asymmetry in Tsuga Canadensis, Bowman Creek, Mohawk River Watershed, NY

“ … the Hudson Valley Region due to deposits from Glacial Lake Albany . Glacial Lake Albany filled the Hudson Valley 14,000 years ago and … was once filled in by Glacial Lake Albany 14,000 years ago (Titus, 2006). The substrate of the … ”

Abstract

Tilted Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) were cored on the Bowman Creek slump (N 42.80306, W -74.25895) and the tree-ring analysis allows reconstruction of periods of slope instability. During ground movement, trees tilted due to the stress of movement, and conifers respond by growing eccentrically with larger rings with reaction wood on the downslope side of the tree, and smaller rings on the upslope side. The difference on ring width can be ascribed to tree tilting. The slump is complex and it has three “steps” that likely correspond to where slip surfaces intersect the surface, and the lowest part slipped about 0.5 to 1.0 m in July 2008. The following chronology of tree tilting and ring asymmetry that is likely related to ground movement is recognized: 1) Recent movement is well recorded across the slump and some trees are currently the most eccentric rings that have grown in the last 175 yr. Tree A6 grew thick rings of reaction wood three years prior to failure in 2008, which suggests ground deformation preceded slip. All trees on the upper part of the slump (C) have wildly eccentric rings (2005-P), which suggest slip is imminent if the same pattern follows (to A6), and this overall recent activity is likely related to the fact that the area is experiencing enhanced precipitation. 2) All tilted trees across the slump show eccentric growth in annual rings beginning in 1970, with a recovery phase from this event lasting until 1990. Very high regional precipitation in the 1970’s is likely related to this period of landsliding and slope instability. The data from this interval suggest that after the movement of the slump was initiated at the bottom (A), the motion of flow slowly propagated upslope until the upper portions of the slump, (B) and then (C) had motion that followed successively over a period of 6-10 yr. 3) 1942-1946 appears to be a single, short-lived event that is also recognized in the Plotterkill Preserve. 4) 1873-1880 may have been when a slip occurred that caused a canopy gap recorded in rapid release from suppression growth from c. 1880 to 1910. 5) 1828-1833 may have been a time of instability on the slope as indicated by only a single tree (B4), which shows eccentric growth and reaction wood. This research is crucial for regional and local planners, because the main result suggest that we have entered a period of enhanced slope instability. It is important, to map and understand urban settings that might be affected by potential slope failures during this period of enhanced precipitation.

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In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted