“ … de 1420 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, June 2012. ADVISORS : Charles Batson and Kim Plofker France has produced many … ”
Abstract
France has produced many illustrious mathematicians who have profoundly impacted mathematics as they are today. While Descartes, Cauchy, and Borel (among others) viewed math as a lifelong pursuit, they began their education in an elementary school classroom with everybody else. In this study, I explore mathematical reforms and governmental documents throughout history to show how the education system has grown to emphasize a strong mathematical curriculum for all students and have consulted many philosophical articles on both the importance of math in a student’s education as well as different views on the manner in which mathematics should be taught to students in order to discover what it is about l’hexagone that produces so many successful mathematicians. With this general background of history, philosophies, and reforms, I have completed an in-depth study of the pedagogical behaviors of today’s teachers to see how history had shaped the way students are taught in France today. I conclude my study with a brief comparison of French and American pedagogical theories.
“ … : Baudelaire, Charles . "Edgar Poe, Sa Vie et ses Oeuvres." Histoires Extraordinaires. Trans. Charles Baudelaire. By Edgar A. Poe. Ed. Jacques Crépet. Oeuvres Complètes de Charles Baudelaire. Paris: Louis Conard, 1917. VII-XXX. … ”
Abstract
This thesis explores the possibility of poetic translation that prioritizes metrical forms. Specifically, I have sought to represent the formal character of poems by Baudelaire and Anacreontic poets in metrical English translations. I have translated and discussed the 6th, 9th and 37th Fragments of the Anacreontics and Baudelaire’s poems “La Fontaine de Sang,” “Tristesses de la Lune,” and “Le Vin de l’assassin.” From this translation process I have been able to draw conclusions more generally about the difficulties posed by the translation of poetry. In the case of the Anacreontics, I have had to depend on generic considerations as well as the effect of the subject matter and tone of the poems in order to arrive at forms appropriate for my English translations. When translating the poems of Baudelaire, more immediately analogous options presented themselves, especially in the case of the sonnet. I have been able, however, by applying the same technique of identifying metrical irregularities and peculiarities, to make some progress toward a theory of translation across time, and to draw some conclusions as to possible future usefulness of arriving at equivalencies in form as well as in meaning.
“ … of Modern Languages, June 2011. ADVISOR: Professor Charles Batson Cette thèse analyse les œuvres poétiques de … 96.3 (1994): 584-605. JSTOR. Web. 1/16/11. Forsdick, Charles . “Revisiting exoticism: from colonialism to … ”
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the poetic works of two French-speaking surrealist poets of the twentieth century, Aimé Césaire and André Breton. Despite their common point of surrealism, Césaire and Breton's poems differ because of their identities in a society afflicted by Western colonization. Using the literary theories of postcolonialism as a perspective for the analysis of Breton and Césaire's poems, I show that both men have a double consciousness based on the complicated influence of a colonizing society. Literary criticism of postcolonialism examines individual identities in colonial societies in relation to their symbolic position as "colonist" or "colonized." Césaire, a Martinican poet and politician and founder of the Negritude movement, possesses postcolonial public identity of a colonized. The public character of Breton as a white and French poet indicates, at the beginning, his symbolic position as a settler. Despite this dichotomy, I explain that their poems reveal deeper identifications reversed in their subconscious. Through his use of French instead of Creole for his poems, Césaire reveals a hidden unconscious that identifies with the colonists, and the poetic identification of Breton with the Celtic culture of France before its colonization by the Romans implies the existence of a colonized unconscious. Through the revelation of these dual consciousnesses in the poetry of Breton and Césaire, this thesis demonstrates the breadth and depth of colonial influence on individuals and society.
“ … complemented the study of cultural Quebec in Professor Charles Batson ’s upper … Baum; David Dussault ’00, managing partner of Davidson- Hill, LLC; Charles Gelber ’73, founder and president of Gelber … and … ”
“ … de 1420 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, June 2012. ADVISORS : Charles Batson and Kim Plofker France has produced many … ”
Abstract
France has produced many illustrious mathematicians who have profoundly impacted mathematics as they are today. While Descartes, Cauchy, and Borel (among others) viewed math as a lifelong pursuit, they began their education in an elementary school classroom with everybody else. In this study, I explore mathematical reforms and governmental documents throughout history to show how the education system has grown to emphasize a strong mathematical curriculum for all students and have consulted many philosophical articles on both the importance of math in a student’s education as well as different views on the manner in which mathematics should be taught to students in order to discover what it is about l’hexagone that produces so many successful mathematicians. With this general background of history, philosophies, and reforms, I have completed an in-depth study of the pedagogical behaviors of today’s teachers to see how history had shaped the way students are taught in France today. I conclude my study with a brief comparison of French and American pedagogical theories.
“ … ________________________________________________ PRIMARY Batson,Charles . November 20, 2014. Dallaire, Roméo. Shake Hands … 1335f41c77bcc7 (accessed January 19, 2015). 77 CharlesBatson, interview by Rachel Refkin, Schenectady, NY, … ”
Abstract
The following senior thesis examines France’s political, economic, and military relationship with Rwanda from 1962-present. It analyzes the questionable success of the French humanitarian intervention, dubbed Operation Turquoise, during the Rwandan genocide. Moreover, it explores how the neocolonial relationship between the two countries, and the so-called Françafrique system, while demonstrating the ways in which this relationship juxtaposed certain French notions of libérte, égalité, and fraternité. This paper explains how, before Belgian colonialism, the Hutu-Tutsi division was characterized by considerable ethnic fluidity but also social class differences. Yet, due to the fact that the Tutsi enjoyed a position of privilege during the colonial era, after independence the Hutu responded by reigning in a dictatorial manner over the Tutsi. This lasted until the genocide, and resulted in a large refugee population in Uganda. This paper will explore how Rwanda and France did not begin their peculiar neocolonial relationship until the 1970s, when the two countries struck certain arms trade deals. This military support increased dramatically as the Rwandan Patriotic Front gained ground starting in 1990. As this thesis shows, the French military would even train government militias, who developed into extremist organizations such as the Interhamwe. Then, during Operation Turquoise, the military was successful is establishing a “Safe Zone,” for the protection of hundreds of thousands of refugees. But through a lack of cultural understanding, the French were also responsible for thousands of deaths. The primary resources for this research included Thierry Prugngaud’s first hand account of Operation Turquoise and NGO’s arms reports on Rwanda. Many secondary sources were used containing interviews of Rwandans who came across the French before and during the genocide. Specifically, journalist Andrew Wallis’s book contained interviews of both genocidaires and victims, used to fully comprehend the Rwandan’s point of view.
“ … of French and Francophone Studies, 2018. ADVISOR: Charles Batson The world today is experiencing a huge refugee … d’asile. **REMERCIEMENTS : Je dois d’abord reconnaître CharlesBatson, qui était un merveilleux conseiller de … ”
Abstract
The world today is experiencing a huge refugee crisis, and many of the migrant refugees crossing Europe seek protection in France. Among the difficulties refugees face is this process of seeking asylum, which is complicated even in France, a country that has been known for being open and welcoming. Throughout the twentieth century France has taken in thousands of war victims at different periods, and the right for the persecuted to seek asylum in France is even written in the French constitution. Why then, do refugees in France often find themselves in poor living conditions, waiting for several months until their applications for asylum are processed – the majority of which get rejected? Refugee children are particularly vulnerable during this time, especially unaccompanied minors, who might not know where to go or what is safe. Luckily, there are numerous social organizations that help them, giving information, food and personal items, while some act for better protection and housing of refugees. Those refugees who do achieve legal protection in France can experience the joys of receiving generous care, and eventually that of personal success, but also the many challenges of integrating into a new society.
“ … et les effets sociaux des accents français ADVISOR: Charles Batson Sociolinguists tell us that variation in the … européenne. L’empereur du Saint-Empire Romaine Germanique, Charles V, a dit « I speak Spanish to God, Italian … ”
Abstract
Sociolinguists tell us that variation in the mode of speaking affect social interactions and perceptions. The French language contains a significant degree of linguistic variation, as a result of the influences from French regional languages and other European languages. At the time of the Renaissance, over thirty regional languages were spoken in France. The current variant that has developed into “modern French” was originally one of many regional languages, and was spoken or understood by only about one percent of the population. Major geopolitical events that shaped the history of France occurred concurrently with the transition from regional languages to a unified national language. This has given the French of today a degree of variability that reflects its rich history. This research examines in particular the way in which history has shaped the accents of Provence and Paris, and how these accents have affected the development of these regions and their relationship today.
“ … Languages and Literatures, June 2015. ADVISOR: Professor Charles Batson The French are known as culinary giants. Their … ”
Abstract
The French are known as culinary giants. Their culinary prowess goes hand in hand with their identity and this paper tries to examine the different aspects of this intimate relation between the French gastronomy and identity. It looks at the history of France through the long and rich history and evolution of French cuisine in order to try and define what makes French cuisine “French." In so doing, we learn much about French history and culture and how the evolution of the French gastronomy and alimentary practices influenced and were influenced by the different events in French history. It then goes on to examine of few modern day culinary practices in an attempt to understand why even though the French food itself has constantly been - and still is - changing, its “Frenchness” remains a constant.
“ … and Francophone Studies, June 2012. ADVISOR : Professor Charles Batson This thesis examines the historical and … ”
Abstract
This thesis examines the historical and political discourse surrounding the Jewish and Muslim communities in France. The study begins with an investigation of the 2011 film, Les hommes libres, in which Muslims hide Jews in the Grand Mosque of Paris during the Nazi Occupation in 1942. A comparison is then made between the events depicted in the film and the current situation facing the Jewish and Muslim populations in France between one another, as well as with the rest of the country. There are several anti-Muslim and anti-Semitic acts that are referenced in the study, in addition to various examples of political discourse from French politicians. One section of the thesis is dedicated to the 2012 Presidential Election in France and the diverse discourse of the Presidential candidates regarding immigration, Church and state, and Israeli-Palestinian relations. The progress that has been made to foster a better relationship between Jews and Muslims in France is the focus of the succeeding section, in which I discuss the social movement that has been taking place across the country. The study concludes with several questions that remain concerning the future for Muslims and Jews in France and whether or not the Presidential Election of 2012 will have an impact on their coexistence.
“ … Obst 12 La Relation entre la Cour et Charles Perrault Maintenant, nous comprenons le système de pouvoir à l‟époque de Charles Perrault. L‟écrivain était remboursé, exilé, ou tué … Languages and Literatures, June 2009. ADVISOR : Professor Charles Batson Un conte de fée, malgré son catégorisation … … ”
Abstract
Un conte de fée, malgré son catégorisation comme la Littérature des Enfants, traite des problèmes adultes sous sa surface simple. Le conteur a, donc, un rôle unique parce qu?il a des publics différents: les enfants qui peuvent apprendre les moraux dans le contes, les adultes que comprend les aspects intellectuelles, et le pouvoir dominante qui contrôle le conte. Chaque conte peut avoir des messages cachés qui communiquent la voix du conteur.
Parce que la perception de chaque conteur est diverse, le conteur racontera les contes avec une classe distinctive, en changeant le conte pour son public. Le canon du conte de fée français a deux versions du conte “Barbe-Bleue,” un par Charles Perrault dans le 17eme siècle et l?autre par Patrick Chamoiseau, de Martinique, dans le 20 eme siècle. Chaque conteur vient d?une culture française, mais diverse. Perrault écrit sous la règle de Louis XIV et sa cour, tandis que Chamoiseau s?identifie avec la Martinique, la Créolité, et la résistance. Chaque conte est different, a cause du conteur, mais les deux expriment leur désire de se distinguer du pouvoir dominant et trouver une voix forte pour le conteur.
“ … les cultures en France et aux États-Unis? ADVISOR : Charles Batson Ma thèse examine la question de comment la … ”
Abstract
My thesis examines the question of how the structure of work, government and policies affect work and leisure in France and the United States. Economy structures create different cultures that show important principles of a country. Economists often look at GDP when they compare countries' economies, but GDP is not the only factor for country analysis. In addition, the process of researching my thesis taught me that GDP does not calculate activities where no money is exchanged.
In addition, this study examines GDP statistics, unemployment rate, incomes, hours worked, taxes, rules, governments, policies and leisure to make a true full analysis of France and the United States. United. The allocation of money illustrates significant things from each country. This analysis shows the ability to accept different cultures and types of "assets". In the end, a critique of an economy of a country is not possible without links to culture, and I learned this during the research of my thesis. A comparison of the French economy and the American economy does not need a conclusion that answers the question of "Who is the best country? ". This study illustrates the significance of analyzing not only the GDP of a country, but all the factors that shape a country's culture and society.
Les femmes françaises et antillaises se sont battues interminablement au cours d'une longue histoire des luttes féminines pour qu'elles puissent avoir de l'égalité dans la société et dans la politique. Cette lutte a pris beaucoup de formes selon les cultures des femmes, et une étude sur la situation des femmes révèle que ces différences culturelles aussi bien que les stéréotypes et les vues traditionnelles des femmes, en plus d'une domination des hommes en politique, ont créé ses barrières redoutables pour les femmes qui s'intéressent à s'engager dans la politique. En même temps, il existe une tendance, notamment en France, d'oublier ou de mal comprendre l'histoire, la culture, la société de l'autre, particulièrement les femmes antillaises. Ce malentendu risque d'ignorer l'expérience et la situation distinctes des femmes antillaises et présume que toutes les femmes antillaises sont comme les femmes de la métropole tout simplement parce qu'elles sont toutes femmes. À travers les situations de quatre femmes politiques, Christine Lagarde, Rachida Dati, Lucette Michaux-Chevry et Christiane Taubira, on peut reconsidérer cette lutte féminine, son succès politique, en plus des inégalités et des obstacles. Bien que ces femmes aient une situation un peu exceptionnelle, y compris l'aide des personnalités importantes et un peu de chance pendant leur parcours politique, elles symbolisent les possibilités et les libertés des femmes dans la politique et dans la société. Les femmes comme celles examinées ici peuvent inspirer les autres et créer une voix pour les femmes en politique. De plus, elles contribuent à une appréciation de l' identité des femmes antillaises pour que la société française en gros puisse mieux comprendre les complexités de la situation de la femme politique.
“ … of French and Francophone Studies, June 2016 ADVISOR: Charles Batson … ”
Abstract
Carmen, the title character of Prosper Mérimée's 1845 novella, has taken on many lives in the creative world. Adaptations of her story have been produced over the past 150 years in operas, ballets, and films. With each new reincarnation of Carmen, her identities as a femme fatale, gypsy, and sorcerer have been altered in order to appeal to her audience. Carmen's character changes with the audience, presented as relatable and desirable to each new generation. Each piece represents Carmen in a new light, and I explore what allows this character to be able to be altered time and time again but still remain uniquely identifiable. Her character is distinctly recognizable in each piece: Carmen is thus not merely a popular culture reference but rather a modern myth, comparable to Don Juan and Faust.
“ … en France pour la Promotion de Laïcité ADVISOR : Professor Charles Batson It is common practice for democracies to … ”
Abstract
It is common practice for democracies to institute a policy which separates church and state as a means of ensuring religious freedom for the general population yet it can be argued that France institutes their policy of secularism more militantly and forcefully than many other liberal democracies. Laïcité has affected many different aspects of French policy since its beginnings in 1880s. With the start of the new millennium there have been many discussions on a variety of issues relating to laïcité including religious symbols in public schools and the segregation of public housing. The French government claims that its policy of laïcité is freeing people from the constraints of religion yet citizens maintain their right to choose the public expression of their beliefs. In the end, it is possible for a state to be secular and democratic, as demonstrated by French documents including the Statsi Report, yet the French government has chosen a policy which has emphasized the secular more than the democratic principles of its nation.
The process of colonizing a country is extremely complex. It is a combination of languages, traditions, races, beliefs and experiences. Sometimes the colonization of a country manifests itself in a battle between cultures. I will study the people, the political, economic, educational systems and all the changes in each society to deduce the influence of a different culture. Art and literature are representations, reflections and thoughts of individuals and a society. The French participation in Senegal, which was probably at its peak in the late 1800s to the 1900s, brought new practices, customs and institutions including the French language. The power of language can not be underestimated. The oral and written language has the ability to change, exchange and express beliefs. Written works are tangible, concrete and for the most part permanent expressions. This work analyzes the writing of Léopold Senghor, a writer, a politician and the prospective president of Senegal. He is responsible for the beginning of the negritude movement. His works reflect this ideology as well as lutes and adjustments because of the French influence. Negritude is a literary and ideological movement aimed at rejecting racist notions of the incompetence and stupidity of black people and showing pride in African history. Therefore, this work focuses on the changes in language, education and contradictions that blackness presents.
“ … française et les valeurs de la France, June 2012 ADVISOR: Batson,Charles Dans l’histoire, les femmes ont toujours joué des … images symboliques et puissants dans la société … Anglais, Charles VII a refuse de payer la rançon. Quand on considère … ”
Abstract
In history, women have always played traditional roles and - in general - submitted. However, there are women who are developing symbolic and powerful images in French society. These women have a mythical and symbolic quality. But what do they symbolize? Every woman who resonates with French society plays another important role: to unveil the dimensions of French values ??that they represent in French society. Moreover, the way they have established their roles and places in culture unveils the status of women across the story. We can examine mythical and symbolic women of different ages to understand the role of women in the era and how these women have transcended these traditional roles. So the representation of these women symbolize three interesting things: the role of these women as symbols, French values ??and the status of French women throughout history.
What gives power to an idea? What makes it real in the hearts and minds of people who believe in it? What creates the desire to struggle for this idea, an ethereal and elusive conception? These are the questions that must be considered by philosophers, by those who believe enough in an idea to make it a reality. It was the mission of feminists in France since the beginning of the 19th century. For them, feminism was not a movement that had a beginning and an end, it was a force, present in the world since the creation of the sexes. Feminism was not just a movement for the liberation of women, it was a search for a united identity, an identity capable of inciting change, capable of leaving a legacy. Feminism was present as a seed in the mind of every woman who was oppressed. But to grow, to become tangible, this seed needed an impulse. She needed a catalyst that could upset the idea and disturb the world of peace he was getting used to. Feminism in France took shape because society could no longer ignore women as citizens, as individuals, as indispensable for the continuation of life. This achievement has changed everything. It changes the 19th century, and with modern times.
“ … identités LGBT. Department of French, June 2018. ADVISOR: Charles Batson Plusieurs communautés à travers le monde … ”
Abstract
Plusieurs communautés à travers le monde deviennent plus tolérantes des personnes LGBT, comme en témoignent les nations qui légalisent le mariage entre des personnes de même sexe et qui passent des lois qui protègent contre la discrimination basée sur l'orientation sexuelle ou l’Identité du genre. Mais les attitudes ne changent pas toujours aussi rapidement que les lois. Cette étude concerne la France, un pays qui a passé la législation soutenant la communauté LGBT mais qui nourrit encore beaucoup d'homophobie, de biphobie et de transphobie. Je m'intéresse aux programmes éducatifs aux niveaux de collège et de lycée organisés par des associations LGBT activistes qui cherchent à examiner, discuter et combattre les préjugés des élèves. Ce projet investiguera le contexte des interventions en milieu scolaire dans la militantisme LGBT française, leur processus et leurs effets sur les attitudes des élèves envers les identités LGBT. J'espère à présenter une prochaine étape dans l'acceptation de la communauté LGBT qui est déterminée par l'éducation.
“ … of French and Francophone Studies, June 2011. ADVISOR : Charles Batson The current project sought to analyze the life … un aspect essentiel et lucratif de ses affaires ( Charles -Roux, 200-201). Dans Vanity Fair, un article … ”
Abstract
The current project sought to analyze the life and work of the designer Coco Chanel. Through investigation into her life course, values, contributions to art, theater, dance, fashion, and women's rights, it is argued that Chanel embodied the time period in which she lived ; she both influenced, and was influenced by the cultural forces that predominated. Particular attention is paid to the time periods following World War I and World War II, two events that drastically changed artistic aesthetics, social norms, and life values. The post-war eras provided the fuel for the women's liberation movement, ushering in the idea of the androgynous new woman, or "nouvelle femme." Chanel embraced this new ideal, liberating the female form from constraints and frivolity, combining masculine and feminine in her designs, encouraging women to be free in life and movement, and adhering to a sense of modernity with a stubborn meticulousness. Her collaborations with such artistic geniuses as Jean Cocteau, Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinksy, and Sergei Diaghilev resulted in unforgettable contributions to the world of dance, theater, and art, and helped move cultural taste and ideals into the 20th century. No one embodied commitment to artistic integrity and modern aesthetics quite like Coco Chanel, and this incredibly determined woman's impact on the face of fashion, art, and women's independence continue to be immortalized and idolized today.
The French definition of the word relation is simple. According to the dictionary of the French language, a relationship is simply the "relationship between people". But anyone who has had a relationship knows that this definition oversimplifies things. In fact, there are many types of relationships that can go beyond this simplistic definition. These types of relationships include sexual relationships, and marital relationships, among many others. So, each type of relationship has its own definition. But, what are these types of relationships mean for France, a country that represents certain visions of "romance" to the rest of the world? France is associated with all things romantic, including their culture, their food, and even their language. How a country, with a reputation like this one, perceive relationships? Although things like sex and love are universal experiences, they are not felt in the same way through the cultures. Each culture has a different perspective when it comes to matters of the heart. Therefore, France has its own perspective too and it is important to determine what this perspective is. It is also important to understand the different types of relationships, such as sex, relationships, and relationships what they look like, and how they changed in France.
“ … and Francophone Studies, June 2018. ADVISOR : Professor Charles Batson In a post-Harvey Weinstein world, sexual … ”
Abstract
In a post-Harvey Weinstein world, sexual assault and sexual harassment have become a daily conversation around the world; however, frequently missing in this conversation are the voices of minority women. In France, sexual violence against Muslim women in the low-income housing areas called banlieues has been an issue for some time, with factors such as fundamentalist Islam, the stigmatization of Muslim men, and what some have called "white feminism" contributing to the problem as well as to the difficulty of talking about it. Underlying these forces is France's colonial past, which has shaped how and why sexual violence has become an in issue in the banlieues. The work of French Muslims such as Samira Bellil and Fadela Amara have brought attention to this issue; however, in my analysis racial discrimination hinders progress towards a solution.
“ … of Modern Languages and Literatures, June 2016. ADVISOR : Charles Batson This thesis explores the varying critiques of … Les quatre cents coups (1959), Entre les … J. Kelly, and Charles Winick. Film, Television and the Psychology of the … ”
Abstract
This thesis explores the varying critiques of the French education system as depicted in films. The four films analyzed were: Zéro de conduite (1933), Les quatre cents coups (1959), Entre les murs (2008), and Dans la maison (2012). Two major themes are explored throughout this thesis: the results of the national education system, and the relationship between students and teachers. These themes are explored using both a psychological approach and a technical filmic analysis. In the psychological approach, the psychological maturation of adolescents as it relates to education is explored using theories developed by psychologists such as Olivier Maulini and Suzanne Benack. In the filmic analysis, aspects such as camera angle, motion, and use of light are analyzed. These themes are analyzed in order to determine what one critique each of the films makes about the French educational system. Overall, it was found that the films were linked by their criticism of the French system of national education, which the films showed was too oppressive and failing to educate its students. No solution was proposed by the films, so it is up to the spectators of the films to come to their own solution to the problem.
